If you took one hit of a joint would you test positive for marijuana? And how long do drugs stay in your system? I’m Joe Reilly, President of National Drug Screening. Welcome to our video blog series. Today we’re going to talk about drug testing in relation to what we call cut-off levels and detection times.
The best way to determine if drugs are still in your system is to order a drug test for yourself.
When we get a urine specimen or a hair specimen for a drug test at the laboratory, they’re testing for the metabolites of the various drugs that have broken down into your body as you smoked it, sniffed it, or injected it; the metabolites form in your urine or in your hair. At the laboratories, they have specific cut off levels they use when testing for these metabolites. So, if the level of the metabolite in your specimen is above a certain number then that’s a positive result; if the level of the metabolite is below a certain number then that’s a negative result. Now there are different cutoff levels for different drugs. The reason is that cut off levels are used to give every benefit of the doubt to the person being drug tested. And cut off levels rule out things like secondhand smoke; they can also rule out things like over-the-counter medications so in the laboratory if you’re above the standard cutoff level you’re positive. These cut-off levels are set by the federal government division of workplace programs or SAMHSA Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration and some of the cut off levels are as follows. For marijuana, it’s 50 nanograms per milliliter on a screening test. For amphetamines it’s 500 nanograms; for oxycodone it’s 100 nanograms. You can see on the chart the cutoff levels for various drugs.
The screening cut off is the initial testing done at the laboratory and if it’s above that cutoff level it goes to a second type of test called a confirmation test. This test pinpoints the exact metabolite of a specific drug at an exact level that is in your system. And this rules out false positives. Now the cutoff levels aren’t relevant when you have a positive other than their positive; the level doesn’t tell you how much drug they used or when they used the drug. It tells you that at the time the specimen was collected, those metabolites were in that specimen. So typically, in workplace drug testing the level at which someone is positive is irrelevant and not provided as part of the drug test result. A positive is a positive…and the drug free workplace policy should be followed. Now the next topic is detection times. How long do the drugs stay in your system? This varies from individual to individual.
It’s based on the person’s weight, male or female, and what they eat or what they drank, how strong was the drug and when did they use the drug. Drug testing doesn’t tell us when they used the drug, and it doesn’t tell us how strong the drug was.
It does tell us that at the time the specimen was collected the metabolite of that drug was in their system so the detection times for the various drugs are typically one to two maybe three to four days. You can see on the chart some of the detection times for the various drugs.
You can see that marijuana is from two hours typically up to three or four days but someone that’s been smoking for a very long time, every day, then those metabolites are in their system and stored in their fat cells. And for that person, marijuana could be detectable for up to 40 days while cocaine is detectable for two to three days and barbiturates up to 10 days.
And you see for the various drugs there are different detection times. It is important to note once again drug testing doesn’t tell us when someone uses the drugs. It could have been this morning; it could have been three days ago. Hair tests can go back up to 90 days. The detection times I showed you were for a urine test. We can also do oral fluid drug testing which will have shorter detection times of one to two days at maximum so oral fluid is a good specimen for a test for post-accident or for reasonable suspicion where we’re trying to determine very recent drug use. Urine or a hair test is a good drug test for pre-employment or random drug testing. Work with a professional drug testing provider sometimes called a TPA and they’ll help you understand detection times and cut off levels. You can learn more about drug testing at National Drug Screening’s Web site. We have great blog articles and informational videos. Please visit us at www.NationalDrugScreening.com .
More Details On How Long Drugs Stay In Your Body
When urine, hair, or oral fluid sample is donated for drug testing, what is being searched for is the presence of metabolites. These are the leftover molecules after the body has processed a substance, and everything we take into ourselves, whether it is a burger, a sports drink, alcohol, or marijuana, will leave metabolites in our system for a certain amount of time.
Where testing results go to work is in looking to see if metabolites pass a certain cut off level, and detection time in our bodies. So how does this work?
The Benefit Of The Doubt
A negative result for a drug test doesn’t necessarily mean zero presence of a certain metabolite in the system. It actually means such metabolites, if present, were below a certain level considered as active drug use. This is because certain situations, such as a person inhaling second-hand smoke from marijuana, or having opioids in the system due to legitimate usage of a doctor-prescribed medicine, should not penalize people for something they didn’t do.
As a result, different cut-off levels have been determined for different drugs, as mandated by organizations such as the Federal government itself, or groups like the Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration. If a test is above the cut off level, that’s not instantly positive. Instead, to make absolutely sure, a second procedure, known as a confirmation test, is conducted to determine whether this is truly a positive result or a “false positive” due to error.
Detection Times
So now that we know that cut off levels are important, we should look at detection times, because, as time passes, metabolite levels of a drug drop. This can have a big impact on drug test results, though it also depends on the type of drug test administered.
Urine tests, for example, are not strongly recommended if a person is being tested for alcohol because the presence of alcohol metabolites in urine drop off sharply in just a matter of hours. On the other hand, getting a hair sample test for heroin can be very accurate even if the user hasn’t touched the drug for a month.
Depending on the individual, the type of drug screening test administered, and the type of drug being tested for, the times for easy positive/negative detection vary a lot. Always ask a professional about the specifics of this for your particular test.
More Information and frequently asked questions about drug testing detection times.
